Data: International Chamber of Commerce (Incoterms 2020). How this is verified →
Incoterms 2020 has 11 rules — 7 for any transport mode (EXW, FCA, CPT, CIP, DAP, DPU, DDP) and 4 for sea and inland waterway only (FAS, FOB, CFR, CIF). Each rule fixes four things between seller and buyer: where risk transfers, where cost transfers, who arranges insurance (only CIP and CIF oblige anyone), and who handles export and import clearance (the seller handles import only under DDP; the buyer handles export only under EXW). The matrix below states each rule's answer.
Source: International Chamber of Commerce (Incoterms 2020) · verification status: verified — all 11 codes, names and mode categories diffed against the ICC-published rule list (last audited 2026-07-23). The wording in this chart is FreightUtils' own summary of the underlying facts, not ICC text.
Any mode of transport
| Rule | Risk transfers | Cost transfers | Insurance | Export clearance | Import clearance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EXW Ex Works | At seller's premises when goods are placed at buyer's disposal. | At seller's premises. | No obligation on either party. | Buyer (though seller must assist if requested). | Buyer. |
| FCA Free Carrier | When goods are delivered to the carrier at the named place. | At the named place of delivery to carrier. | No obligation on either party. | Seller. | Buyer. |
| CPT Carriage Paid To | When goods are delivered to the first carrier (NOT at destination). | At named destination (freight paid by seller). | No obligation on either party. | Seller. | Buyer. |
| CIP Carriage and Insurance Paid To | When goods are delivered to the first carrier. | At named destination. | Seller must arrange insurance with minimum cover per ICC Clause A (all-risks). Changed in 2020 — previously only required ICC Clause C (basic). | Seller. | Buyer. |
| DAP Delivered at Place | At named destination, when goods are ready for unloading from arriving vehicle. | At named destination (excluding import duties and unloading). | No obligation, but seller bears risk so has incentive to insure. | Seller. | Buyer. |
| DPU Delivered at Place Unloaded | At named destination, once goods are unloaded. | At named destination, including unloading. | No obligation, but seller bears risk. | Seller. | Buyer. |
| DDP Delivered Duty Paid | At named destination, when goods are ready for unloading. | At named destination, including all duties and taxes. | No obligation, but seller bears all risk. | Seller. | Seller. |
Sea and inland waterway only
| Rule | Risk transfers | Cost transfers | Insurance | Export clearance | Import clearance |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FAS Free Alongside Ship | When goods are placed alongside the vessel at port of shipment. | At port of shipment, alongside vessel. | No obligation on either party. | Seller. | Buyer. |
| FOB Free on Board | When goods are on board the vessel at port of shipment. | At port of shipment, once loaded on board. | No obligation on either party. | Seller. | Buyer. |
| CFR Cost and Freight | When goods are on board the vessel at port of shipment. | At named destination port (freight paid by seller). | No obligation on either party. | Seller. | Buyer. |
| CIF Cost, Insurance and Freight | When goods are on board the vessel at port of shipment. | At named destination port. | Seller must arrange insurance — minimum ICC Clause C (basic cover). Note: unlike CIP which requires Clause A, CIF only requires Clause C. | Seller. | Buyer. |
Each rule links to its full page — seller and buyer responsibilities, what the rule is best for, and the practitioner watch-outs — and the Incoterms lookup serves the same facts by API and MCP for agents.
Incoterms® is a registered trademark of the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC). FreightUtils is not affiliated with or endorsed by the ICC. This chart summarises the rules in FreightUtils' own words — consult the ICC Incoterms® 2020 publication for the authoritative rule text. Reference information only, not legal advice.